HouseH.R. 8540119th Congress

HCBS Access Act

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[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8540 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 8540

 To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to require coverage of, 
   and expand access to, home and community-based services under the 
   Medicaid program; to award grants for the creation, recruitment, 
 training and education, retention, and advancement of the direct care 
  workforce and to award grants to support family caregivers; and for 
                            other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             April 28, 2026

Mrs. Dingell (for herself and Ms. Schakowsky) introduced the following 
 bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and 
in addition to the Committees on Education and Workforce, Oversight and 
Government Reform, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently 
   determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
 provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to require coverage of, 
   and expand access to, home and community-based services under the 
   Medicaid program; to award grants for the creation, recruitment, 
 training and education, retention, and advancement of the direct care 
  workforce and to award grants to support family caregivers; and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``HCBS Access Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
TITLE I--REQUIRING AND EXPANDING ACCESS TO HCBS COVERAGE UNDER MEDICAID

Sec. 101. Purpose.
Sec. 102. Requiring coverage of home and community-based services under 
                            the Medicaid program.
Sec. 103. Medicaid eligibility modifications.
Sec. 104. Home and community-based services implementation plan.
Sec. 105. Quality of services.
Sec. 106. Reports; technical assistance; other administrative 
                            requirements.
Sec. 107. Quality measurement and improvement.
Sec. 108. Making permanent the State option to extend protection under 
                            medicaid for recipients of home and 
                            community-based services against spousal 
                            impoverishment.
Sec. 109. Permanent extension of money follows the person rebalancing 
                            demonstration.
Sec. 110. Liens, adjustments, and recoveries for medical assistance.
Sec. 111. HCBS provider tax.
Sec. 112. Repealing the requirement that States establish a Medicaid 
                            estate recovery program and limit the 
                            circumstances in which a State may place a 
                            lien on a Medicaid beneficiary's property.
Sec. 113. Medicare amendment.
     TITLE II--RECOGNIZING THE ROLE OF DIRECT SUPPORT PROFESSIONALS

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Revision of standard occupational classification system.
            TITLE III--SUPPORT FOR THE DIRECT CARE WORKFORCE

Sec. 301. Definitions.
Sec. 302. Authority to establish a technical assistance center for 
                            building the direct care workforce.
Sec. 303. Authority to award grants.
Sec. 304. Project plans.
Sec. 305. Evaluations and reports; technical assistance.
Sec. 306. Authorization of appropriations.
                          TITLE IV--EVALUATION

Sec. 401. Evaluation of impact on access to HCBS.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Demographics.--The term ``demographics'' means 
        information relating to the races, ethnicities, genders, sexual 
        orientations, gender identities, geographic locations, incomes, 
        primary languages, types of service setting, and disability 
        types represented within a particular group of individuals.
            (2) Private duty nursing.--The term ``private duty 
        nursing'' means nursing services that are sufficient to meet 
        the needs of an individual who requires more individualized and 
        continuous care than is available from a visiting nurse or 
        routinely provided by the nursing staff of a hospital or 
        skilled nursing facility, and includes services provided to an 
        individual in the individual's own home by a registered nurse 
        or licensed practical nurse under the direction of a physician.
            (3) Secretary.--Except as otherwise provided, the term 
        ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

TITLE I--REQUIRING AND EXPANDING ACCESS TO HCBS COVERAGE UNDER MEDICAID

SEC. 101. PURPOSE.

    It is the purpose of this title to require coverage of home and 
community-based services (in this section referred to as ``HCBS'') 
under a State plan (or waiver of such plan) under title XIX of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) for the following reasons:
            (1) To eliminate waiting lists for HCBS, which delay access 
        to necessary services and deny access to the promise of 
        community inclusion guaranteed under the Americans with 
        Disabilities Act for people with disabilities and older adults.
            (2) To build on decades of progress in serving people with 
        disabilities and older adults via HCBS.
            (3) To fulfill the purposes of the Medicaid program to 
        provide medical assistance for those whose income and resources 
        are insufficient to meet the costs of necessary medical 
        services, and to provide rehabilitation, long-term services and 
        supports, and other services to help such families and 
        individuals attain or retain capacity for independence or self-
        care.
            (4) To ensure that people with all kinds of disabilities 
        and with multiple disabilities, including intellectual 
        disabilities, cognitive disabilities, developmental 
        disabilities, behavioral health disabilities, physical 
        disabilities, and substance use disorders, and older adults, 
        receive the services they need to live in their communities.
            (5) To streamline access to HCBS by eliminating the need 
        for States to repeatedly apply for waivers.
            (6) To continue to increase the capacity of community 
        services to ensure people with disabilities and older adults 
        have high-quality, safe and meaningful options in the community 
        and are not at risk of unnecessary institutionalization.
            (7) To act on the decades of research and practice that 
        show everyone, including people with the most severe 
        disabilities, can live in the community with the right services 
        and supports.
            (8) To eliminate the race, gender, sexual orientation, and 
        gender identity disparities that exist in accessing information 
        and HCBS and to prevent the unnecessary impoverishment and 
        institutionalization of black and brown individuals with 
        disabilities and older adults.
            (9) To support over 63,000,000 unpaid family caregivers, 
        who are disproportionately women, who are often providing 
        complex services and supports to older adults and people with 
        disabilities because of a lack of affordable services, 
        workforce shortages, and other inefficiencies.
            (10) To improve direct care quality and ensure access to 
        services by improving workforce standards for the nearly 
        3,200,000 direct care workers--who are primarily women, people 
        of color, and immigrants who face heightened risks of 
        discrimination in employment--providing support to people with 
        disabilities and older adults in their homes and communities.

SEC. 102. REQUIRING COVERAGE OF HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES UNDER 
              THE MEDICAID PROGRAM.

    (a) Definition of Home and Community-Based Services.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1905 of the Social Security Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1396d) is amended by adding at the end the following 
        new subsection:
    ``(ll) Home and Community-Based Services.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this title, the term 
        `home and community-based services' means those services 
        specified in paragraph (2) furnished to an eligible individual 
        (as defined in paragraph (3)), based on an individualized 
        assessment (as described in paragraph (4)) and person-centered 
        service plan (as described in paragraph (4)(D)) for such 
        individual, in a setting that--
                    ``(A) meets the qualities specified in paragraph 
                (1) of section 441.710(a) of title 42, Code of Federal 
                Regulations (or a successor regulation);
                    ``(B) is not described in paragraph (2) of such 
                section (or successor regulation); and
                    ``(C) meets such other qualities as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate in line with recommendations for 
                additional services made by the panel described in 
                paragraph (2)(B).
            ``(2) Services specified.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
                the services specified in this paragraph are services 
                described in any of paragraphs (7), (8), (13)(C), (19), 
                (20), (24), (29), and (31) of subsection (a) or in any 
                of subsections (c)(4)(B), (c)(5), (k)(1)(A), (k)(1)(B), 
                or (k)(1)(D) of section 1915, including the following:
                            ``(i) Supported employment and integrated 
                        day services.
                            ``(ii) Personal assistance, including 
                        personal care attendants, direct support 
                        professionals, home health aides, private duty 
                        nursing, homemakers and chore assistance, and 
                        companionship services.
                            ``(iii) Services that enhance independence, 
                        inclusion, and full participation in the 
                        broader community.
                            ``(iv) Non-emergency, non-medical 
                        transportation services to facilitate community 
                        integration.
                            ``(v) Respite services provided in the 
                        individual's home or broader community.
                            ``(vi) Caregiver and family support 
                        services.
                            ``(vii) Case management, including 
                        intensive case management, fiscal intermediary, 
                        and support brokerage services.
                            ``(viii) Services that support person-
                        centered planning and self-direction.
                            ``(ix) Direct support services during acute 
                        hospitalizations.
                            ``(x) Necessary medical and nursing 
                        services not otherwise covered that are 
                        necessary in order for the individual to remain 
                        in their home and community, including hospice 
                        services.
                            ``(xi) Home and community-based intensive 
                        behavioral health and crisis intervention 
                        services.
                            ``(xii) Peer support services.
                            ``(xiii) Housing support, including 
                        transitional housing or transitional support 
                        services for individuals who are unhoused, and 
                        wrap-around services.
                            ``(xiv) Necessary home modifications and 
                        assistive technology, including those that 
                        substitute for human assistance.
                            ``(xv) Transition services to support an 
                        individual who is transitioning from an 
                        institutional setting to the community, 
                        including appropriate services for individuals 
                        who are unhoused or at risk of becoming 
                        unhoused, and including such transition 
                        services provided while the individual resides 
                        in an institution.
                            ``(xvi) Nutrition Services.
                            ``(xvii) Assisted living services.
                            ``(xviii) Any other service approved by the 
                        Secretary, pursuant to the recommendation of 
                        the panel convened pursuant to subparagraph 
                        (B).
                    ``(B) Specification of recommended services.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 6 months 
                        after the date of the enactment of this 
                        subparagraph, and not less frequently than once 
                        every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary the 
                        Secretary shall appoint an advisory panel (in 
                        this subparagraph referred to as the `panel') 
                        for purposes of recommending additional 
                        services which may be included as home and 
                        community-based services under this paragraph.
                            ``(ii) Composition.--
                                    ``(I) Selection.--The members shall 
                                be selected from categories (aa) 
                                through (rr), with the majority of all 
                                members from the categories described 
                                in items (aa), (bb), and (cc):
                                            ``(aa) Individuals with 
                                        disabilities receiving home and 
                                        community-based services under 
                                        this title and individuals with 
                                        disabilities in need of such 
                                        services, including those with 
                                        physical disabilities, 
                                        behavioral health disabilities, 
                                        or intellectual or 
                                        developmental disabilities, and 
                                        including older adults. The 
                                        individuals should be 
                                        representative of multiple 
                                        states, geography, race, and 
                                        ethnicity and other demographic 
                                        factors.
                                            ``(bb) Beneficiary-led 
                                        disability rights 
                                        organizations.
                                            ``(cc) Disability-led 
                                        organizations.
                                            ``(dd) Disabled veterans 
                                        organizations.
                                            ``(ee) Disability 
                                        organizations representing 
                                        families.
                                            ``(ff) Organizations 
                                        serving people with people with 
                                        disabilities, including 
                                        intellectual or developmental 
                                        disabilities.
                                            ``(gg) Organizations 
                                        serving older adults.
                                            ``(hh) Direct care workers 
                                        and the labor organizations 
                                        that represent them.
                                            ``(ii) The Protection and 
                                        Advocacy system, the Centers 
                                        for Independent Living.
                                            ``(jj) Health care 
                                        providers.
                                            ``(kk) The National 
                                        Association of Medicaid 
                                        Directors.
                                            ``(ll) The National 
                                        Association of State Directors 
                                        of Developmental Disabilities 
                                        Services.
                                            ``(mm) The National 
                                        Association of State Mental 
                                        Health Program Directors.
                                            ``(nn) Advancing States.
                                            ``(oo) The Centers for 
                                        Medicare & Medicaid Services.
                                            ``(pp) The Administration 
                                        for Community Living of the 
                                        Department of Health and Human 
                                        Services.
                                            ``(qq) Other relevant 
                                        local, State, and Federal home 
                                        and community-based service 
                                        systems, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary.
                                            ``(rr) Members of 
                                        federally-recognized tribes and 
                                        tribally-led organizations.
                                    ``(II) Requirement for equal 
                                proportionate representation.--The 
                                Secretary shall seek to ensure 
                                proportionate representation among each 
                                category described in items (dd) 
                                through (oo) of subclause (I), in 
                                convening the panel. The majority of 
                                all members shall be from the 
                                categories described in items (aa), 
                                (bb), and (cc) of subclause (I).
                            ``(iii) Duties.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 2 
                                years after a panel is convened under 
                                clause (i), the panel shall submit to 
                                the Secretary and to Congress a report 
                                recommending additional services which 
                                shall be included as home and 
                                community-based services under this 
                                paragraph. Such recommended services 
                                shall be so specified with the goal of 
                                increasing community integration and 
                                self-determination for individuals with 
                                disabilities receiving such services.
                                    ``(II) Considerations.--In 
                                developing recommendations, the panel 
                                must consider--
                                            ``(aa) available data on 
                                        coverage gaps of needed home 
                                        and community based services, 
                                        including compliance reporting 
                                        required by section 441.311(d) 
                                        of title 42, Code of Federal 
                                        Regulations;
                                            ``(bb) new technology or 
                                        innovations that could promote 
                                        access to home and community 
                                        based services for people with 
                                        disabilities and older adults;
                                            ``(cc) relevant data based 
                                        on the latest HCBS quality 
                                        measures sets;
                                            ``(dd) public comment about 
                                        additional home and community 
                                        based services; and
                                            ``(ee) other relevant 
                                        research, data, or information 
                                        that will help inform the 
                                        adoption of home and community 
                                        based services for people with 
                                        disabilities and older adults.
                                    ``(III) Notice and comment.--The 
                                Secretary shall establish a process for 
                                public notice and comment, including 
                                public hearings, sufficient to ensure a 
                                meaningful level of public input, no 
                                less than one year prior to the 
                                issuance of the panel's report.
                            ``(iv) Implementation of recommended 
                        services.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Secretary 
                                shall consider recommendations in the 
                                panel's report, and review any public 
                                comment and other relevant information, 
                                to identify additional services to 
                                specific as home and community-based 
                                services, pursuant to section 
                                1905(ll)(2)(a)(xvi).
                                    ``(II) Considerations.--In 
                                developing recommendations, the panel 
                                must consider--
                                            ``(aa) available data on 
                                        coverage gaps of needed home 
                                        and community based services, 
                                        including compliance reporting 
                                        required by section 411.311(d) 
                                        of title 42, Code of Federal 
                                        Regulations;
                                            ``(bb) new technology or 
                                        innovations that could promote 
                                        access to home and community 
                                        based services for people with 
                                        disabilities;
                                            ``(cc) relevant data based 
                                        on the latest HCBS quality 
                                        measures sets;
                                            ``(dd) public comment about 
                                        additional home and community 
                                        based services; and
                                            ``(ee) other relevant 
                                        research, data, or information 
                                        that will help inform the 
                                        adoption of home and community 
                                        based services for people with 
                                        disabilities.
                                    ``(III) Notice and comment.--The 
                                Secretary shall establish a process for 
                                public notice and comment, including 
                                public hearings, sufficient to ensure a 
                                meaningful level of public input, not 
                                less than one year prior to the 
                                issuance of the panel's report.
                                    ``(IV) Notification.--Not later 
                                than 1 year after the first report is 
                                submitted under clause (iii), and not 
                                later than 1 year after the submission 
                                of each subsequent such report, the 
                                Secretary shall notify States of any 
                                additions of home and community-based 
                                services based on services recommended 
                                under such report through State 
                                Medicaid Director letters.
            ``(3) Eligible individual.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
                the term `eligible individual' means--
                            ``(i) an individual who is determined, on 
                        an annual basis or on a longer basis specified 
                        by the State, by a health care provider 
                        approved by the State under a process described 
                        in subparagraph (C) to have a functional 
                        impairment (as defined in subparagraph (B)) 
                        (not taking into account any items or services, 
                        or any other ameliorative measures, furnished 
                        to such individual to mitigate such impairment) 
                        that is expected to last at least 90 days;
                            ``(ii) during the period that ends on the 
                        day before the first day of the first calendar 
                        quarter beginning on or after the date that is 
                        5 years after the date of the enactment of this 
                        subsection, an individual who, as of such date 
                        of enactment, is receiving or has been 
                        determined to be eligible for, home and 
                        community-based services under this title under 
                        a waiver or State plan option in effect under 
                        section 1915 or 1115, provided that the 
                        individual continues to meet any level of care 
                        requirement applicable under such waiver or 
                        plan option; or
                            ``(iii) an individual who is eligible under 
                        the State plan or waiver and is under the age 
                        of 21.
                    ``(B) Functional impairment.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), the term `functional impairment' 
                means, with respect to an individual the inability of 
                such individual to perform, without assistance--
                            ``(i) 2 or more activities of daily living 
                        (as described in section 7702B(c)(2)(B) of the 
                        Internal Revenue Code of 1986);
                            ``(ii) 2 or more instrumental activities of 
                        daily living (as defined for purposes of 
                        section 1915(k)(1)(A)); or
                            ``(iii) 1 activity of daily living (as so 
                        described) and 1 instrumental activity of daily 
                        living (as so defined).
                    ``(C) Health care provider state approval.--For 
                purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), a process described in 
                this subparagraph is a process established by the State 
                to approve health care providers to make determinations 
                described in such subparagraph that meets such 
                standards as the Secretary may prescribe.
            ``(4) Individualized assessment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
                an individualized assessment described in this 
                paragraph is an independent assessment, with respect to 
                an eligible individual--
                            ``(i) to determine a necessary level of 
                        services and supports to be provided, 
                        consistent with an individual's physical and 
                        health condition, including any functional 
                        impairments;
                            ``(ii) identify needed services;
                            ``(iii) to inform development of a person-
                        centered care plan (as described in 
                        subparagraph (C)) for the individual;
                            ``(iv) that includes each of the elements 
                        described in clauses (ii) through (v) of 
                        section 1915(i)(1)(F); and
                            ``(v) that occurs not later than 30 days 
                        after such individual is determined to be an 
                        eligible individual.
                    ``(B) Reassessments.--The independent assessment of 
                need must be conducted at least every 12 months and as 
                needed when the individual's support needs or 
                circumstances change significantly, in order to revise 
                the person-centered service plan.
                    ``(C) Presumption.--The assessment described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall be conducted with the 
                presumption--
                            ``(i) that each eligible individual, 
                        regardless of type or level of disability or 
                        service need, can be served in the individual's 
                        own home and community; and
                            ``(ii) at the option of the individual, 
                        that services may be self-directed (as defined 
                        in section 1915(i)(1)(G)(iii)(II)).
                    ``(D) Person-centered care plan.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A)(iii), a person-centered care plan 
                described in this subparagraph is a written plan with 
                respect to an individual that meets is developed in 
                accordance with and meets the requirements of 
                paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 441.301(c) of 
                title 42, Code of Federal Regulations.
                    ``(E) Standards.--An individualized assessment 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall be conducted in 
                accordance with standards specified by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) safeguard against conflicts of 
                        interest;
                            ``(ii) specify qualifications for who may 
                        perform such assessments;
                            ``(iii) ensure transparency in the 
                        furnishing of such assessments, including 
                        ensuring the provision of the results of such 
                        assessments that includes information in plain 
                        language necessary to interpret the methodology 
                        and results of such assessments;
                            ``(iv) ensure that the methodologies used 
                        in such assessments are sound and evidence-
                        based;
                            ``(v) require such methodologies to be made 
                        available on the public website of the State 
                        and tested for reliability and validity by an 
                        independent evaluator;
                            ``(vi) require assessment tools to include 
                        language assistance services and compliance 
                        with Federal non-discrimination requirements, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) availability of such 
                                assessments in the individual's primary 
                                language or with a qualified 
                                interpreter;
                                    ``(II) accessibility for 
                                individuals who are blind or have low-
                                vision;
                                    ``(III) accessibility for deaf and 
                                hard-of-hearing individuals; and
                                    ``(IV) accessibility for 
                                individuals who cannot rely on speech 
                                to communicate; and
                            ``(vii) ensure that the assessment 
                        identifies services and supports necessary for 
                        community integration are identified, involves 
                        professionals knowledgeable about the range of 
                        supports and services available in the 
                        community, and allows individuals getting 
                        assessed to present their own independent 
                        evidence of the appropriateness of an 
                        integrated setting.''.
            (2) Inclusion as medical assistance.--Section 1905(a) of 
        the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(a)) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (31) and (32) as 
                paragraphs (32) and (33) respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (30) the following 
                new paragraph:
            ``(31) home and community-based services (as defined in 
        subsection (ll));''.
    (b) Mandatory Benefit.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1902(a)(10)(A) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(10)(A)) is amended by striking 
        ``and (30)'' and inserting ``(30), and (31)''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by this subsection 
        shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar 
        quarter that begins on or after the date that is 5 years after 
        the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Ensuring Coverage of HCBS for All Medicaid-Eligible 
Individuals.--Section 1902(a)(10)(D) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1396a(a)(10)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(i)'' after ``(D)'';
            (2) by adding ``and'' after the semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
                            ``(ii) beginning on the first day of the 
                        first calendar quarter that begins on or after 
                        the date that is 5 years after the date of 
                        enactment of this clause (or at such earlier 
                        date as the State may elect) for the inclusion 
                        of home and community-based services (as 
                        defined in section 1905(ll)) for any individual 
                        who--
                                    ``(I) is eligible for medical 
                                assistance under the State plan (or 
                                waiver of such plan);
                                    ``(II) is an eligible individual 
                                (as defined in such section); and
                                    ``(III) elects to receive such 
                                services.''.
    (d) Federal Medical Assistance Percentage for Home and Community-
Based Services.--Section 1905 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1396d), as amended by subsection (a), is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``and (ii)'' and 
        inserting ``(ii), and (mm)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(mm) Specified Federal Medical Assistance Percentage for Home and 
Community-Based Services.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law and except as provided in paragraph (3), the Federal 
        medical assistance percentage for amounts expended for medical 
        assistance for home and community-based services (as defined in 
        subsection (ll)), including any such services furnished under a 
        waiver in effect under section 1915, on or after the date of 
        the enactment of this subsection shall be equal to 100 percent.
            ``(2) Access to essential hcbs.--As a condition of 
        receiving the Federal medical assistance percentage described 
        in paragraph (1), a State shall enhance, expand, or strengthen 
        the level of and access to home and community-based services 
        offered under the State plan under this title (or a waiver of 
        such a plan) as of the date of enactment of this subsection by 
        doing all of the following:
                    ``(A) Lowering or eliminating access barriers and 
                disparities in access or utilization identified in the 
                State HCBS implementation plan.
                    ``(B) Using `no wrong door' programs, providing 
                presumptive eligibility for home and community-based 
                services, and improving home and community-based 
                services counseling and education programs.
                    ``(C) Providing supports to family caregivers, 
                which shall include providing respite care, and may 
                include providing such services as caregiver 
                assessments, peer supports, access to assistive 
                technology, or paid family caregiving.
                    ``(D) Adopting processes to ensure that payments 
                for home and community-based services and to the direct 
                care workers who deliver them are sufficient to ensure 
                that care and services are available to the extent 
                described in the State HCBS implementation plan, In 
                carrying out this paragraph the State shall review and 
                update payment rates for home- and community-based 
                services at least every 2 years, with an emphasis on 
                ensuring that rates are adequate to recruit and retain 
                a sufficient workforce to ensure access to the full set 
                of services for eligible individuals as determined 
                under subsection (ll) and through a transparent process 
                involving meaningful input from stakeholders, including 
                recipients of home and community-based services, family 
                caregivers of such recipients, providers, health plans, 
                direct care workers, chosen representatives of direct 
                care workers, and aging, disability, and workforce 
                advocates.
                    ``(E) Developing a process to ensure that increases 
                in payment rates for home and community-based services 
                are--
                            ``(i) at a minimum, proportionately passed 
                        through to direct care workers and in a manner 
                        that is determined with input from the 
                        stakeholders described in paragraph (D); and
                            ``(ii) incorporated into payment rates for 
                        home and community-based services provided 
                        under this title by a managed care entity (as 
                        defined in section 1932(a)(1)(B)) or a prepaid 
                        inpatient health plan or prepaid ambulatory 
                        health plan, as defined in section 438.2 of 
                        title 42, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
                        successor regulation), under a contract with 
                        the State.
                    ``(F) Updating, developing, and adopting 
                qualification standards and training opportunities for 
                the continuum of providers of home and community-based 
                services, including programs for independent providers 
                of such services and agency direct care workers, as 
                well as unique programs and resources for family 
                caregivers.
                    ``(G) Establishing an entity to strengthen the 
                infrastructure supporting the delivery of service under 
                consumer-directed models of care, as defined in section 
                (nn).
            ``(3) Exception.--The Federal medical assistance percentage 
        applicable to medical assistance for home and community-based 
        services furnished to an individual who is only eligible for 
        medical assistance under a State plan or waiver on the basis of 
        section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XXIV) shall be determined without 
        regard to this subsection.
            ``(4) Administrative costs.--Notwithstanding the per centum 
        specified in section 1903(a)(7), with respect to amounts 
        expended a year before the implementation of this subsection 
        and for four years after, for administrative costs for 
        expanding and enhancing home and community-based services, 
        including for enhancing the Medicaid data and technology 
        infrastructure, modifying rate setting processes, adopting, 
        using, and reporting quality measures adopting or improving 
        training programs for direct care workers and family 
        caregivers, and adopting, carrying out, or enhancing programs 
        that register qualified direct care workers or connect 
        beneficiaries to qualified direct care workers under section 
        (nn), such per centum shall be increased to 80 percent.
    ``(nn) HCBS Infrastructure To Support Self-Directed Care Models for 
the Delivery of Services.--For the purposes of paragraph (2)(G) of 
section (mm), the requirements of this paragraph, with respect to a 
State and fiscal year quarter, are that the State establishes directly 
or by contract with 1 or more non-profit entities, a program to support 
self-directed models for the delivery of services for the performance 
of all of the following functions:
            ``(1) Registering qualified direct care workers and 
        assisting beneficiaries in finding direct care workers.
            ``(2) Undertaking activities to recruit and train 
        independent providers to enable beneficiaries to direct their 
        own care, including by providing or coordinating training for 
        beneficiaries on self-directed care.
            ``(3) Ensuring the safety of, and supporting the quality 
        of, care provided to beneficiaries, such as by conducting 
        background checks and addressing complaints reported by 
        recipients of home and community-based services.
            ``(4) Facilitating coordination between State and local 
        agencies and direct care workers for matters of public health, 
        training opportunities, changes in program requirements, 
        workplace health and safety, or related matters.
            ``(5) Supporting beneficiary hiring of independent 
        providers of home and community-based services through an 
        agency with choice or similar model, including by processing 
        applicable tax information, collecting and processing 
        timesheets, submitting claims and processing payments to such 
        providers.
            ``(6) To the extent a State permits beneficiaries to hire a 
        family member or individual with whom they have an existing 
        relationship to provide home and community-based services, 
        providing support to beneficiaries who wish to hire a caregiver 
        who is a family member or individual with whom they have an 
        existing relationship, such as by facilitating enrollment of 
        such family member or individual as a provider of home and 
        community-based services under the State plan or a waiver of 
        such plan.
            ``(7) Ensuring that program policies and procedures allow 
        for cooperation with labor organizations that bargain on behalf 
        of direct care workers in the case of a State in which the 
        direct care workers in the State have elected to join, or form, 
        such a labor organization, or, in the case of a State in which 
        such workers have not joined or formed such a labor 
        organization, are neutral with regard to such workers joining 
        or forming such a labor organization.''.
    (e) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) In general.--Title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) is amended--
                    (A) in section 1905(a), in the matter preceding the 
                first numbered paragraph--
                            (i) in clause (xv), by striking the comma 
                        at the end and inserting ``, or'';
                            (ii) in clause (xvi)--
                                    (I) by moving the left margin 2 ems 
                                to the left; and
                                    (II) by striking ``, or'' and 
                                inserting a comma; and
                            (iii) by striking clause (xvii); and
                    (B) in section 1943(b)(5), by striking ``the 
                State'' and all that follows through the period at the 
                end and inserting ``a determination be conducted on an 
                annual basis (or on such longer basis as specified by 
                the State) in accordance with section 1905(ll) for 
                purposes of providing home and community-based services 
                under the State plan (or waiver of such plan).''.
            (2) Effective date.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), the amendments made by this subsection shall take 
                effect on the first day of the first calendar quarter 
                that begins on or after the date that is 5 years after 
                the date of enactment of this Act.
                    (B) Exception for states authorized to continue 
                operating hcbs waivers.--In the case of a State for 
                which the Secretary has waived the application of 
                paragraph (1) of subsection (m) of section 1915 of the 
                Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396n), as added by 
                subsection (e), in accordance with paragraph (2) of 
                such subsection (m), clause (xvii) of section 1905(a) 
                of the Social Security Act shall continue to have 
                effect with respect to such State for so long as 
                paragraph (1) of such subsection (m) does not apply to 
                such State.

SEC. 103. MEDICAID ELIGIBILITY MODIFICATIONS.

    Section 1902 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (10)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(i)--
                                    (I) in subclause (VIII), by 
                                striking ``; or'' and inserting a 
                                semicolon;
                                    (II) in subclause (IX)(dd), by 
                                striking the semicolon at the end and 
                                inserting ``; or''; and
                                    (III) by inserting after subclause 
                                (IX) the following new subclause:
                                    ``(X) beginning with the first 
                                calendar quarter that begins on or 
                                after the date that is 5 years after 
                                the date of enactment of this subclause 
                                (or such earlier date as the State may 
                                elect), who are eligible individuals 
                                described in subsection (ll)(3)(A) and 
                                are not described in a previous 
                                subclause of this clause and whose 
                                income does not exceed the greater of--
                                            ``(aa) 150 percent of the 
                                        poverty line (as defined in 
                                        section 2110(c)(5)) applicable 
                                        to a family of the size 
                                        involved; and
                                            ``(bb) 300 percent of the 
                                        supplemental security income 
                                        benefit rate established by 
                                        section 1611(b)(1);''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(ii)--
                                    (I) in subclause (XXII), by 
                                striking ``; or'' and inserting a 
                                semicolon;
                                    (II) in subclause (XXIII), by 
                                striking the semicolon at the end and 
                                inserting ``; or''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following new subclause:
                                    ``(XXIV) who are eligible 
                                individuals who would be described in 
                                clause (i)(X) but for the fact that 
                                their income exceeds the income levels 
                                established under such clause but is 
                                less than such income level as the 
                                State may establish for purposes of 
                                this subclause;''; and
                    (B) by amending paragraph (34) to read as follows:
            ``(34) provides that in the case of any individual who has 
        been determined to be eligible for medical assistance under the 
        plan, such assistance will be made available to him for care 
        and services included under the plan and furnished in or after 
        the third month before the month in which he made application 
        (or application was made on his behalf in the case of a 
        deceased individual) for such assistance if such individual was 
        (or upon application would have been) eligible for such 
        assistance at the time such care and services were furnished 
        and, that if care or services are provided through a service 
        plan or any similar document, including services provided under 
        the authority of any provision of section 1115 or 1915, medical 
        assistance must be available pursuant to this subsection 
        without regard to whether the service plan or similar document 
        was developed before or after the care or services were 
        provided;''; and
            (2) in subsection (xx)(9)(A)(ii)--
                    (A) in subclause (VIII), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subclause (IX), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                subclause:
                                    ``(X) who is described in subclause 
                                (X) of subsection (a)(10)(A)(i) or 
                                subclause (XXIV) of subsection 
                                (a)(10)(A)(ii).''.

SEC. 104. HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Section 1902 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1396a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (88), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (89), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (89) the following 
                new paragraph:
            ``(90) provide that, prior to the beginning of the first 
        calendar quarter beginning on or after the date that is 5 years 
        after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, the State 
        shall submit to the Secretary the implementation plan described 
        in subsection (yy).''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(yy) Implementation Plan.--For purposes of subsection (a)(90), an 
implementation plan described in this subsection is a plan developed by 
a State that includes the following:
            ``(1) An explanation of how the State will operationalize 
        the definition of an eligible individual under section 
        1905(ll), including the process for determinations specified in 
        paragraph (3)(A)(i) of such section.
            ``(2) A description of the characteristics of the State's 
        direct care workforce that provides home- and community-based 
        services, including the number of workers, the average and 
        range of direct care worker wages or service payments, the 
        health and other workplace benefits provided to workers, 
        turnover and vacancy rates, and an explanation of the State's 
        plan to ensure a stable and high quality workforce and how the 
        State plans to ensure that compensation for individuals 
        furnishing home and community-based services is sufficient to 
        ensure a sufficient supply of workers to provide services to 
        all eligible individuals and plans to identify and address any 
        additional workforce issues.
            ``(3) A list of any home and community-based services 
        provided under the State Medicaid plan (including any waiver of 
        such plan) as of the date of enactment of this subsection, 
        including a breakdown of use of such services by demographics 
        (as defined in section 2 of the HCBS Access Act), compared to 
        such services that are required under the amendments made by 
        section 102 of such Act, and a description of numerical goals 
        to increase access to such services that have barriers to 
        access for populations in need of such services.
            ``(4) A description of how the State will incorporate 
        existing State disability and aging agencies into the new 
        unified provision of home and community-based services and how 
        such State will ensure that such services address all 
        functional impairments.
            ``(5) A plan for carrying out outreach and education 
        activities with respect to the availability of such services 
        through appropriate entities, including a program that ensures 
        that an individual is not denied such services based on the 
        fact that the individual contacts the wrong entity (commonly 
        referred to as a `No Wrong Door Program').
            ``(6) A plan for how such services will be coordinated with 
        other relevant State agencies, such as housing, transportation, 
        child welfare, food and income security, and employment 
        agencies.
            ``(7) A State with federally-recognized Indian tribes, 
        Indian health programs, and/or urban Indian health 
        organizations shall include a process to consult with the 
        Indian tribes, and seek advice from Indian Health programs and 
        urban Indian health organizations in the State.
            ``(8) A description of how the State will build capacity 
        prior to the implementation of the requirement described in 
        subsection (a) to ensure that such services are available to 
        every eligible individual under the Medicaid program, how the 
        State will ensure an adequate provider network to provide 
        access to and choice of provider, and how the State will ensure 
        that such services are provided in a setting that meets the 
        requirements specified in paragraph (1) of section 1905(ll), as 
        added by section 102 of the HCBS Access Act.
            ``(9) A plan for how the State will prioritize individuals 
        who have already met eligibility requirements but are on 
        waiting lists to receive HCBS and ensure those individuals do 
        not experience an increase in the amount of time they will wait 
        to receive services.
            ``(10) In the case of a State that utilizes an alternative 
        benefit plan, a description of how the State will ensure that 
        all individuals who are eligible individuals (as defined in 
        such section) are appropriately identified as medically frail 
        and exempted from such plan.
            ``(11) How the State will coordinate eligibility for such 
        services with other disability eligibility programs, such as 
        disability buy-in programs.
            ``(12) Data and milestone requirements to ensure community 
        integration, including such requirements with respect to 
        utilization of such services by demographics (as defined in 
        section 2 of the HCBS Access Act).
            ``(13) A description of how the State will evaluate and 
        address disparities based on age, disability, race, ethnicity, 
        sexual orientation, gender identity, and geographic equity.''.
    (b) FMAP Increase.--Section 1903(a) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1396b(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (6), by striking ``plus'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following new 
        paragraph:
            ``(7) an amount equal to 100 percent of the sums expended 
        during the quarter which are attributable to the costs of 
        developing the implementation plan described in section 
        1902(yy); plus''.

SEC. 105. QUALITY OF SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Development of metrics.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and 
        Human Services, in consultation with State Medicaid Directors, 
        shall develop standardized, State-level metrics of access to, 
        and satisfaction with, providers, including primary care and 
        specialist providers, with respect to individuals who are 
        enrolled in State Medicaid plans under title XIX of the Social 
        Security Act, broken down by demographics (as defined in 
        section 2) and any other category determined by the Secretary. 
        Such metrics shall include metrics on the total number of 
        individuals enrolled in the State plan or under a waiver of the 
        plan during a fiscal year that required the level of care 
        provided in a nursing facility, intermediate care facility for 
        individuals with intellectual disability, institution for 
        mental disease, or other similarly restrictive or institutional 
        setting.
            (2) Process.--The Secretary shall develop the metrics 
        described in paragraph (1) through a public process, which 
        shall provide opportunities for stakeholders to participate.
    (b) Updating Metrics.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Deputy Administrator for the Center for Medicaid and CHIP Services and 
State Medicaid Directors, shall update the metrics developed under 
subsection (a) not less than once every 3 years.
    (c) State Implementation Funding.--The Secretary may award funds, 
from the amount appropriated under subsection (d), to States for the 
purpose of implementing the metrics developed under this section.
    (d) Appropriation.--There is appropriated to the Secretary, out of 
any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $200,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2026, to remain available until expended, for the purpose 
of carrying out this section.

SEC. 106. REPORTS; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE 
              REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reports.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce of the House of Representatives, the Committee on 
Education and Workforce of the House of Representatives, the Committee 
on Finance of the Senate, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and 
Pensions of the Senate, and the Special Committee on Aging of the 
Senate the following reports relating to the HCBS implementation plan 
grant program established under section 104:
            (1) Interim report.--Not later than 2 years after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, a report that describes--
                    (A) State efforts to develop their HCBS 
                implementation plans; and
                    (B) the funds awarded to States.
            (2) First implementation report.--Not later than 4 years 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, a report that includes 
        the following:
                    (A) A description of the HCBS implementation plans 
                approved by the Secretary under section 104.
                    (B) A description of the national landscape with 
                respect to gaps in coverage of home and community-based 
                services, disparities in access to, and utilization of, 
                such services, and barriers to accessing such services.
                    (C) A description of the national landscape with 
                respect to the direct care workforce that provides home 
                and community-based services, including with respect to 
                compensation, benefits, and challenges to the 
                availability of such workers.
            (3) Subsequent reports.--Not later than 7 years after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, and every 3 years thereafter, a 
        report that includes the following:
                    (A) The number of HCBS program improvement States 
                and the funds awarded to States to develop their plans.
                    (B) A summary of the progress being made by such 
                States with respect to strengthening and expanding 
                access to home and community-based services and the 
                direct care workforce that provides such services and 
                meeting the benchmarks for demonstrating improvements 
                required under section 1905(ll)(5) of the Social 
                Security Act (as added by section 102).
                    (C) A summary of outcomes related to home and 
                community-based services core quality measures and 
                beneficiary and family caregiver surveys.
                    (D) A summary of the challenges and best practices 
                reported by States in expanding access to home and 
                community-based services and supporting and expanding 
                the direct care workforce that provides such services.
    (b) Technical Assistance; Guidance; Regulations.--The Secretary 
shall provide HCBS program improvement States with technical assistance 
related to carrying out the HCBS implementation plans approved by the 
Secretary under section 104 and meeting the requirements and benchmarks 
for demonstrating improvements required under section 1905(mm) of the 
Social Security Act (as added by section 102) and shall issue such 
guidance or regulations as necessary to carry out this title and the 
amendments made by this title, including guidance specifying how States 
shall assess and track the availability of home and community-based 
services over time.
    (c) Recommendations To Guide HCBS Implementation.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall coordinate with the 
        Secretary of Labor and the Administrator of the Centers for 
        Medicare & Medicaid Services for purposes of issuing 
        recommendations for the Federal Government and for States to 
        strengthen the direct care workforce that provides home and 
        community-based services, including with respect to how the 
        Federal Government should classify the direct care workforce, 
        how such Administrator and State Medicaid programs can enforce 
        and support the provision of competitive wages and benefits 
        across the direct care workforce, including for workers with 
        particular skills or expertise, and how State Medicaid programs 
        can support training opportunities and other related efforts 
        that support the provision of quality home and community-based 
        services care.
            (2) Stakeholder consultation.--
                    (A) In general.--In developing the recommendations 
                required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
                ensure that such recommendations are informed by 
                consultation with recipients of home and community-
                based services, family caregivers of such recipients, 
                providers, health plans, direct care workers, chosen 
                representatives of direct care workers, educational 
                agencies, and aging, disability, and workforce 
                advocates.
                    (B) Consultation with current and potential hcbs 
                beneficiaries and family caregivers.--As part of the 
                process of developing recommendations under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                            (i) hold at least 1 meeting for the purpose 
                        of developing such recommendations that is 
                        solely with current and potential recipients of 
                        home and community-based services and family 
                        caregivers of such recipients; and
                            (ii) seek to achieve parity in terms of the 
                        level of participation in the development of 
                        such recommendations between--
                                    (I) current and potential 
                                recipients of home and community-based 
                                services and family caregivers of such 
                                recipients; and
                                    (II) other categories of 
                                stakeholder described in subparagraph 
                                (A).
    (d) Funding.--Out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary for purposes of 
carrying out this section, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, to remain 
available until expended.

SEC. 107. QUALITY MEASUREMENT AND IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) Development and Publication of Core and Supplemental Sets of 
HCBS Quality Measures.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall identify and publish a 
        core set and supplemental set of home and community-based 
        services quality measures for use by State Medicaid programs, 
        health plans and managed care entities that enter into 
        contracts with such programs, and providers of items and 
        services under such programs.
            (2) Regular reviews and updates.--The Secretary shall 
        review and update the core set and supplemental set of home and 
        community-based services quality measures published under 
        paragraph (1) not less frequently than once every year.
            (3) Requirements.--
                    (A) Interagency collaboration; stakeholder input.--
                In developing the core set and supplemental set of home 
                and community-based services quality measures under 
                paragraph (1), and subsequently reviewing and updating 
                such core and supplemental sets, the Secretary shall--
                            (i) collaborate with subagency heads 
                        determined appropriate by the Secretary; and
                            (ii) ensure that such core and supplemental 
                        sets are informed by input from stakeholders, 
                        including recipients of home and community-
                        based services, family caregivers of such 
                        recipients, providers, health plans, direct 
                        care workers, chosen representatives of direct 
                        care workers, and aging, disability, and 
                        workforce advocates, with the goal that at 
                        least half of such input is from current and 
                        potential recipients of home and community-
                        based services and family caregivers.
                    (B) Reflective of full array of services.--Such 
                core set and supplemental set of home and community-
                based services quality measures shall--
                            (i) reflect the full array of home and 
                        community-based services and recipients of such 
                        services, including adults and children; and
                            (ii) include--
                                    (I) outcomes-based measures;
                                    (II) measures of availability of 
                                services;
                                    (III) measures of provider capacity 
                                and availability;
                                    (IV) measures related to person-
                                centered care;
                                    (V) measures specific to self-
                                directed care;
                                    (VI) measures related to 
                                transitions to and from institutional 
                                care;
                                    (VII) beneficiary and family 
                                caregiver surveys; and
                                    (VIII) measures related to outcomes 
                                by race/ethnicity, language, sex, 
                                gender identity, geography, and other 
                                demographic factors to track and reduce 
                                health disparities.
                    (C) Demographics.--Such core set and supplemental 
                set of home and community-based services quality 
                measures shall allow for the collection of data that is 
                disaggregated by demographics (as defined in section 2 
                but including any additional category determined by the 
                Secretary).
            (4) Funding.--Out of any funds in the Treasury not 
        otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary 
        for purposes of carrying out this subsection, $10,000,000 for 
        fiscal year 2026, to remain available until expended.
    (b) State Adoption and Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date on 
        which the Secretary publishes the core set and supplemental set 
        of home and community-based services quality measures under 
        subsection (a)(1), and annually thereafter, each State Medicaid 
        program shall use such core and supplemental sets (or an 
        alternative set of quality measures approved by the Secretary) 
        to report information to the Secretary regarding the quality of 
        home and community-based services provided under such program.
            (2) Process.--The information required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be reported using a standardized format and procedures 
        established by the Secretary. Such procedures shall allow a 
        State Medicaid program to report such information separately or 
        as part of the annual reports required under sections 1139A(c) 
        and 1139B(d) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320b-9a, 
        1320b-9b).
            (3) Publication of quality measures.--Each State Medicaid 
        program shall annually make the information reported to the 
        Secretary under paragraph (1) available to the public.
            (4) Increased federal matching rate for adoption and 
        reporting.--Section 1903(a)(3) of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1396b(a)(3)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (F)(ii), by striking ``plus'' 
                after the semicolon and inserting ``and''; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (F), the 
                following:
                    ``(G) 80 percent of so much of the sums expended 
                during such quarter as are attributable to the 
                reporting of information regarding the quality of home 
                and community-based services in accordance with section 
                107(b) of the HCBS Access Act; and''.
    (c) Ombudsman.--Each State shall establish an HCBS ombudsman office 
that--
            (1) operates independently from the State Medicaid agency 
        and managed care entities;
            (2) provides direct assistance to beneficiaries and their 
        families; and
            (3) identifies and reports systemic problems to State 
        officials, the public, and the Secretary.

SEC. 108. MAKING PERMANENT THE STATE OPTION TO EXTEND PROTECTION UNDER 
              MEDICAID FOR RECIPIENTS OF HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED 
              SERVICES AGAINST SPOUSAL IMPOVERISHMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 1924(h)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1396r-5(h)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``is described in 
section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(VI)'' and inserting ``is an eligible 
individual (as defined in section 1905(ll)(3))''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 2404 of the Patient Protection 
and Affordable Care Act (42 U.S.C. 1396r-5 note) is amended by striking 
``September 30, 2027'' and inserting ``the date of enactment of the 
HCBS Access Act''.

SEC. 109. PERMANENT EXTENSION OF MONEY FOLLOWS THE PERSON REBALANCING 
              DEMONSTRATION.

    Section 6071(h)(1)(L) of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 1396a note(h)(1)(L)) is amended by striking ``each of fiscal 
years 2024 through 2027'' and inserting ``each fiscal year after 
2025''.

SEC. 110. LIENS, ADJUSTMENTS, AND RECOVERIES FOR MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Liens.--Section 1917(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1396p(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``plan, except--'' and inserting ``plan, 
                except, subject to paragraph (4)--''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``in the case 
                of'' and inserting ``with respect to liens imposed 
                before the date of the enactment of the Stop Unfair 
                Medicaid Recoveries Act, in the case of''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(4) Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this subsection, 
not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this 
paragraph, a State shall--
            ``(A) withdraw any lien imposed under paragraph (1)(B) that 
        is in effect as of such date; and
            ``(B) notify each individual (or legal representative of 
        such individual (or of such individual's estate)) subject to 
        such a lien so withdrawn of the withdrawal of such lien.''.
    (b) Adjustments and Recoveries.--Section 1917(b) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396p(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``except that'' and 
        inserting ``except that, subject to paragraph (6),''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(6) Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this subsection, 
no adjustment or recovery of any medical assistance correctly paid on 
behalf of an individual under the State plan may be initiated, 
maintained, or collected on or after the date of the enactment of this 
paragraph. Not later than 90 days after such date, a State shall--
            ``(A) withdraw any lien in effect as of such date with 
        respect to such medical assistance correctly paid; and
            ``(B) notify each individual (or legal representative of 
        such individual (or of such individual's estate)) subject to 
        such a lien so withdrawn of the withdrawal of such lien and the 
        prohibition on adjustment or recovery under this paragraph.''.

SEC. 111. HCBS PROVIDER TAX.

    Section 1903(w) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396b(w)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (7)(A)--
                    (A) by redesignating clause (ix) as clause (x); and
                    (B) by inserting after clause (viii) the following 
                new clause:
                            ``(ix) home- and community-based 
                        services.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)(C)(ii), by inserting ``for a class of 
        health care items and services other than the class described 
        in paragraph (7)(A)(ix),'' after ``2026,''.

SEC. 112. REPEALING THE REQUIREMENT THAT STATES ESTABLISH A MEDICAID 
              ESTATE RECOVERY PROGRAM AND LIMIT THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN 
              WHICH A STATE MAY PLACE A LIEN ON A MEDICAID 
              BENEFICIARY'S PROPERTY.

    (a) Liens.--Section 1917(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1396p(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``plan, except--'' and inserting ``plan, 
                except, subject to paragraph (4)--''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``in the case 
                of'' and inserting ``with respect to liens imposed 
                before the date of the enactment of the Stop Unfair 
                Medicaid Recoveries Act, in the case of''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this 
        subsection, not later than 90 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this paragraph, a State shall--
                    ``(A) withdraw any lien imposed under paragraph 
                (1)(B) that is in effect as of such date; and
                    ``(B) notify each individual (or legal 
                representative of such individual (or of such 
                individual's estate)) subject to such a lien so 
                withdrawn of the withdrawal of such lien.''.
    (b) Adjustments and Recoveries.--Section 1917(b) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396p(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``except that'' and 
        inserting ``except that, subject to paragraph (6),''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this 
        subsection, no adjustment or recovery of any medical assistance 
        correctly paid on behalf of an individual under the State plan 
        may be initiated, maintained, or collected on or after the date 
        of the enactment of this paragraph. Not later than 90 days 
        after such date, a State shall--
                    ``(A) withdraw any lien in effect as of such date 
                with respect to such medical assistance correctly paid; 
                and
                    ``(B) notify each individual (or legal 
                representative of such individual (or of such 
                individual's estate)) subject to such a lien so 
                withdrawn of the withdrawal of such lien and the 
                prohibition on adjustment or recovery under this 
                paragraph.''.

SEC. 113. MEDICARE AMENDMENT.

    Section 1860D-14(a)(1)(D)(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1395w-114) is amended by striking ``or subsection (c) or (d) of section 
1915 or under a State plan amendment under subsection (i) of such 
section'' and inserting ``, section 1915, 1115A, or under a State plan 
amendment''.

     TITLE II--RECOGNIZING THE ROLE OF DIRECT SUPPORT PROFESSIONALS

SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Direct support professionals play a critical role in 
        the care provided to children and adults with intellectual and 
        developmental disabilities.
            (2) Providers of home and community-based services are 
        experiencing difficulty hiring and retaining direct support 
        professionals, with a national turnover rate of 39 percent as 
        identified in a 2023 study by the National Core Indicators.
            (3) High turnover rates can lead to instability for 
        individuals receiving services, and this may result in 
        individuals not receiving enough personalized care to help them 
        reach their goals for independent living.
            (4) A discrete occupational category for direct support 
        professionals will help States and the Federal Government--
                    (A) better interpret the shortage in the labor 
                market of direct support professionals; and
                    (B) collect data on the high turnover rate of 
                direct support professionals.
            (5) The Standard Occupational Classification system is 
        designed and maintained solely for statistical purposes, and is 
        used by Federal statistical agencies to classify workers and 
        jobs into occupational categories for the purpose of 
        collecting, calculating, analyzing, or disseminating data.
            (6) Occupations in the Standard Occupational Classification 
        system are classified based on work performed and, in some 
        cases, on the skills, education, or training needed to perform 
        the work.
            (7) Establishing a discrete occupational category for 
        direct support professionals will--
                    (A) correct an inaccurate representation in the 
                Standard Occupational Classification system;
                    (B) recognize these professionals for the critical 
                and often times overlooked work that they perform for 
                the disabled community, which work is different than 
                the work of a home health aide or a personal care aide; 
                and
                    (C) better align the Standard Occupational 
                Classification system with related classification 
                systems.

SEC. 202. REVISION OF STANDARD OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Management and 
Budget (in this Act referred to as the ``Director'') shall, as part of 
the first revision process of the Standard Occupational Classification 
system occurring after the date of enactment of this Act, consider 
establishing a separate code for direct support professionals as a 
subset of healthcare support occupations.
    (b) Report to Congress.--If the Director decides not to establish 
the separate code for direct support professionals described in 
subsection (a), the Director shall, not later than 30 days after the 
Director announces in the Federal Register the final decision of the 
revision process described in such subsection, submit to the Committee 
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Education and Workforce of the House of Representatives a 
report explaining why such separate code was not established.

            TITLE III--SUPPORT FOR THE DIRECT CARE WORKFORCE

SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Apprenticeship program.--The term ``apprenticeship 
        program'' means an apprenticeship program registered under the 
        Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the ``National 
        Apprenticeship Act''; 50 Stat. 664, chapter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 
        et seq.), including any requirement, standard, or rule 
        promulgated under such Act.
            (2) Community college.--The term ``community college'' 
        means a public institution of higher education at which the 
        highest degree that is predominantly awarded to students is an 
        associate's degree, including Tribal Colleges or Universities 
        receiving grants under section 316 of the Higher Education Act 
        of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c) that offer a 2-year program for 
        completion of such degree and State public institutions of 
        higher education that offer such a 2-year program.
            (3) Direct care professional.--The term ``direct care 
        professional''--
                    (A) means an individual who, in exchange for 
                compensation, provides services to a person with a 
                disability or an older adult that promotes the 
                independence of such person or individual, including--
                            (i) services that enhance the independence 
                        and community inclusion for such person or 
                        individual, including traveling with such 
                        person or individual or attending and assisting 
                        such person or individual while visiting 
                        friends and family, shopping, or socializing;
                            (ii) services such as coaching and 
                        supporting such person or individual in 
                        communicating needs, achieving self-expression, 
                        pursuing personal goals, living independently, 
                        and participating actively in employment or 
                        voluntary roles in the community;
                            (iii) services such as providing assistance 
                        with activities of daily living (such as 
                        feeding, bathing, toileting, and ambulation) 
                        and with tasks such as meal preparation, 
                        shopping, light housekeeping, and laundry;
                            (iv) services that support such person or 
                        individual at home, work, school, or in any 
                        other community setting; or
                            (v) services that promote health and 
                        wellness, including scheduling and taking such 
                        person or individual to health care 
                        appointments, communicating with health and 
                        allied health professionals administering 
                        medications, implementing health and behavioral 
                        health interventions and treatment plans, 
                        monitoring and recording health status and 
                        progress; and
                    (B) may include--
                            (i) a service provider supporting people 
                        with intellectual disability and developmental 
                        disabilities, and other disabilities;
                            (ii) a home and community-based services 
                        manager or direct support professional manager;
                            (iii) a self-directed care worker;
                            (iv) a personal care service worker;
                            (v) a direct care worker, as defined in 
                        section 799B of the Public Health Service Act 
                        (42 U.S.C. 295p); or
                            (vi) any other position or job related to 
                        the home care or direct care workforce, such as 
                        positions or jobs in respite care, palliative 
                        care, community support, or peer support, as 
                        determined by the Secretary, in consultation 
                        with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
                        Services and the Secretary of Labor.
            (4) Direct care workforce.--The term ``direct care 
        workforce'' means the broad workforce of direct care 
        professionals.
            (5) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means an 
        entity--
                    (A) that is--
                            (i) a State;
                            (ii) a labor organization, joint labor-
                        management organization, or employer of direct 
                        care professionals;
                            (iii) an organization or a nonprofit entity 
                        with experience in aging, disability, or 
                        supporting the rights and interests of, 
                        training of, or educating direct care 
                        professionals or family caregivers;
                            (iv) an Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, 
                        or Urban Indian organization;
                            (v) a community college or other 
                        institution of higher education; or
                            (vi) a consortium of entities listed in any 
                        of clauses (i) through (v);
                    (B) that agrees to include, as applicable with 
                respect to the type of grant the entity is seeking 
                under this title and the activities supported through 
                such grant, older adults, people with disabilities, 
                direct care professionals, and family caregivers, as 
                advisors and trainers in such activities; and
                    (C) that agrees to consult with the State Medicaid 
                agency of the State (or each State) served by the grant 
                on the grant activities, to the extent that such agency 
                (or each such agency) is not the eligible entity.
            (6) Employer.--The terms ``employ'' and ``employer'' have 
        the meanings given the terms in section 3 of the Fair Labor 
        Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203).
            (7) Family caregiver.--The term ``family caregiver'' has 
        the meaning given such term in section 2 of the RAISE Family 
        Caregivers Act (42 U.S.C. 3030s note; Public Law 115-119) and 
        includes paid and unpaid family caregivers.
            (8) Indian tribe; tribal organization.--The terms ``Indian 
        Tribe'' and ``Tribal organization'' have the meanings given 
        such terms in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
            (9) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' means--
                    (A) an institution of higher education defined in 
                section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1001); or
                    (B) an institution of higher education defined in 
                section 102(a)(1)(B) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 
                1002(a)(1)(B)).
            (10) Older adult.--The term ``older adult'' means an 
        individual who is 60 years of age or older.
            (11) Person with a disability.--The term ``person with 
        disability'' means an individual with a disability, as defined 
        in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 
        U.S.C. 12102).
            (12) Project participant.--The term ``project participant'' 
        means an individual participating in a project or activity 
        assisted with a grant under this title, including (as 
        applicable for the category of the grant) a direct care 
        professional, or an individual training to be such a 
        professional, or a family caregiver.
            (13) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Health and Human Services, acting through the Administrator 
        for Community Living.
            (14) Self-directed care professional.--The term ``self-
        directed care professional'' means a direct care professional 
        who is employed by an individual who is an older adult, a 
        person with a disability, or a representative of such older 
        adult or person with a disability, and such older adult or 
        person with a disability has the decision-making authority over 
        certain supports and services provided by the direct care 
        professional and takes direct responsibility to manage those 
        supports and services.
            (15) Supportive services.--The term ``supportive services'' 
        means services that are necessary to enable an individual to 
        participate in activities assisted with a grant under this 
        title, such as transportation, child care, dependent care, 
        housing, workplace accommodations, employee benefits such as 
        paid sick leave and child care, workplace health and safety 
        protections, wages and overtime pay, and needs-related 
        payments.
            (16) Urban indian organization.--The term ``urban Indian 
        organization'' has the meaning given the term in section 4 of 
        the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1603).
            (17) Workforce innovation and opportunity act terms.--The 
        terms ``career pathway'', ``career planning'', ``in-demand 
        industry sector or occupation'', ``individual with a barrier to 
        employment'', ``local board'', ``on-the-job training'', 
        ``recognized postsecondary credential'', ``region'', and 
        ``State board'' have the meanings given such terms in section 3 
        of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 
        3102).
            (18) Work-based learning.--The term ``work-based learning'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Carl D. 
        Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 
        2302).

SEC. 302. AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH A TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CENTER FOR 
              BUILDING THE DIRECT CARE WORKFORCE.

    (a) Program Authorized.--The Secretary shall establish a national 
technical assistance center (referred to in this section as the 
``Center'') for, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, the 
Secretary of Education, the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & 
Medicaid Services, and the heads of other entities as necessary--
            (1) supporting direct care workforce creation, training and 
        education, recruitment, retention, and advancement; and
            (2) supporting family caregivers and activities of family 
        caregivers as a critical part of the support team for older 
        adults or people with disabilities.
    (b) Advisory Council.--The Secretary shall convene an advisory 
council to provide recommendations to the Center with respect to the 
duties of the Center under this section and may engage individuals and 
entities described in paragraphs (3)(B), and (12), of section 304(b) 
(without regard to a specific project described in such paragraphs) for 
service on the advisory council.
    (c) Activities.--The Center may--
            (1) develop recommendations for training and education 
        curricula for direct care professionals, which such 
        recommendations may include recommendations for curricula for 
        higher education, postsecondary credentials, and programs with 
        community colleges;
            (2) develop learning and dissemination strategies to--
                    (A) engage States and other entities in activities 
                supported under this title and best practices; and
                    (B) distribute findings from activities supported 
                by grants under this title;
            (3) develop recommendations for training and education 
        curricula and other strategies for supporting family 
        caregivers;
            (4) explore the national data gaps, workforce shortage 
        areas, and data collection strategies for direct care 
        professionals and make recommendations to the Director of the 
        Office of Management and Budget for an occupation category in 
        the Standard Occupational Classification system for direct 
        support professionals as a healthcare support occupation;
            (5) recommend career development and advancement 
        opportunities for direct care professionals, which may include 
        occupational frameworks, national standards, recruitment 
        campaigns, pre-apprenticeship and on-the-job training 
        opportunities, apprenticeship programs, career ladders or 
        pathways, specializations or certifications, or other 
        activities; and
            (6) develop strategies for assisting with reporting and 
        evaluation of grant activities under section 305.

SEC. 303. AUTHORITY TO AWARD GRANTS.

    (a) Grants.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the date of 
        enactment of this title, the Secretary, in consultation with 
        the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the Secretary of 
        Labor, and the Secretary of Education, shall award grants 
        described in paragraph (2) to eligible entities. A grant 
        awarded under this section may be in more than 1 category 
        described in such paragraph.
            (2) Categories of grants.--The categories of grants 
        described in this paragraph are each of the following:
                    (A) Direct care professional grants.--Grants to 
                eligible entities to create and carry out projects for 
                the purposes of recruiting, retaining, or providing 
                advancement opportunities for direct care professionals 
                who are not described in subparagraph (B) or (C), 
                including through education or training programs for 
                such professionals or individuals seeking to become 
                such professionals.
                    (B) Direct care professional managers grants.--
                Grants to eligible entities to create and carry out 
                projects for the purposes of recruiting, retaining, or 
                providing advancement opportunities for direct care 
                professionals who are managers or supervisory staff 
                that have coaching, training, managerial, supervisory, 
                or other oversight responsibilities, including through 
                education or training programs for such professionals 
                or individuals seeking to become such professionals.
                    (C) Self-directed care professionals grants.--
                Grants to eligible entities to create and carry out 
                projects for the purposes of recruiting, retaining, or 
                providing advancement opportunities for self-directed 
                care professionals, including through education or 
                training programs for such professionals or individuals 
                seeking to become such professionals.
                    (D) Family caregiver grants.--Grants to eligible 
                entities to create and carry out projects for providing 
                support to paid or unpaid family caregivers through 
                educational, training, or other resources, including 
                resources for caregiver self-care or educational or 
                training resources for individuals newly in a 
                caregiving role or seeking additional support in the 
                role of a family caregiver.
            (3) Projects for advancement opportunities.--Not less than 
        30 percent of projects assisted with grants under this title 
        shall be projects to provide career pathways that offer 
        opportunities for professional development and advancement 
        opportunities to direct care professionals.
    (b) Treatment of Continuation Activities.--An eligible entity that 
carries out activities described in subsection (a)(2) prior to receipt 
of a grant under this title may use such grant to continue carrying out 
such activities, and, in using such grant to continue such activities, 
shall be treated as an eligible entity carrying out a project through a 
grant under this title.

SEC. 304. PROJECT PLANS.

    (a) In General.--An eligible entity seeking a grant under this 
title shall submit to the Secretary a project plan for each project to 
be developed and carried out (or for activities to be continued as 
described in section 303(b)) with the grant at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
    (b) Contents.--A project plan submitted by an eligible entity under 
subsection (a) shall include a description of information determined 
relevant by the Secretary for purposes of the category of the grant and 
the activities to be carried out through the grant. Such information 
may include (as applicable) the following:
            (1) The demographics (as defined in section 2) of the 
        population in the State or relevant geographic area, including 
        a description of the populations likely to need long-term care 
        services, such as people with disabilities and older adults.
            (2) Projections of unmet need for services provided by 
        direct care professionals based on enrollment waiting lists 
        under home and community-based waivers under section 1115 of 
        the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1315) or section 1915 of 
        such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396n) and other relevant data to the 
        extent practicable and feasible, such as direct care workforce 
        vacancy rates, crude separation rates, and the number of direct 
        care professionals, including such professionals who are 
        managers or supervisors, in the region.
            (3) An advisory committee to advise the eligible entity on 
        activities to be carried out through the grant. Such advisory 
        committee--
                    (A) may be comprised of entities listed in 
                paragraph (12); and
                    (B) shall include--
                            (i) older adults or persons with a 
                        disability;
                            (ii) organizations representing the rights 
                        and interests of people receiving services by 
                        the direct care professionals or family 
                        caregivers targeted by the project;
                            (iii) individuals who are direct care 
                        professionals or family caregivers targeted by 
                        the project and organizations representing the 
                        rights and interests of direct care 
                        professionals or family caregivers;
                            (iv) as applicable, employers of 
                        individuals described in clause (iii) and labor 
                        organizations representing such individuals;
                            (v) representatives of the State Medicaid 
                        agency, the State agency defined in section 102 
                        of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
                        3002), the State developmental disabilities 
                        office, and the State behavioral health agency, 
                        in the State (or each State) to be served by 
                        the project; and
                            (vi) representatives reflecting diverse 
                        racial, cultural, ethnic, geographic, 
                        socioeconomic, and gender identity and sexual 
                        orientation perspectives.
            (4) Current or projected job openings for, or relevant 
        labor market information related to, the direct care 
        professionals targeted by the project in the State or region to 
        be served by the project, and the geographic scope of the 
        workforce to be served by the project.
            (5) Specific efforts and strategies that the project will 
        undertake to reduce barriers to recruitment, retention, or 
        advancement of the direct care professionals targeted by the 
        project, including an assurance that such efforts will 
        include--
                    (A) an assessment of the wages or other 
                compensation or benefits necessary to recruit and 
                retain the direct care professionals targeted by the 
                project;
                    (B) a description of the project's projected 
                compensation or benefits for the direct care 
                professionals targeted by the project at the State or 
                local level, including a comparison of such projected 
                compensation or benefits to regional and national 
                compensation or benefits and a description of how wages 
                and benefits received by project participants will be 
                impacted by the participation in and completion of the 
                project; and
                    (C) a description of the projected impact of 
                workplace safety issues on the recruitment and 
                retention of direct care professionals targeted by the 
                project, including the availability of personal 
                protective equipment.
            (6) In the case of a project offering an education or 
        training program for direct care professionals, a description 
        of such program (including how the core competencies identified 
        by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services will be 
        incorporated, curricula, models, and standards used under the 
        program, and any associated recognized postsecondary 
        credentials for which the program provides preparation, as 
        applicable), which shall include an assurance that such program 
        will provide to each project participant in such program--
                    (A) relevant training regarding the rights of 
                recipients of home and community-based services, 
                including their rights to--
                            (i) receive services in integrated settings 
                        that provide access to the broader community;
                            (ii) exercise self-determination;
                            (iii) be free from all forms of abuse, 
                        neglect, or exploitation; and
                            (iv) person-centered planning and 
                        practices, including participation in planning 
                        activities;
                    (B) relevant training to ensure that each project 
                participant has the necessary skills to recognize abuse 
                and understand their obligations with regard to 
                reporting and responding to abuse appropriately in 
                accordance with relevant Federal and State law;
                    (C) relevant training regarding the provision of 
                culturally competent and disability competent supports 
                to recipients of services provided by the direct care 
                professionals targeted by the project;
                    (D) an apprenticeship program, work-based learning, 
                or on-the-job training opportunities;
                    (E) supervision or mentoring; and
                    (F) for any on-the-job training portion of the 
                program, a progressively increasing, clearly defined 
                schedule of wages to be paid to each such participant 
                that--
                            (i) is consistent with skill gains or 
                        attainment of a recognized postsecondary 
                        credential received as a result of 
                        participation in or completion of such program; 
                        and
                            (ii) ensures the entry wage is not less 
                        than the greater of--
                                    (I) the minimum wage required under 
                                section 6(a) of the Fair Labor 
                                Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 
                                206(a)); or
                                    (II) the applicable wage required 
                                by other applicable Federal or State 
                                law, or a collective bargaining 
                                agreement.
            (7) Any other innovative models or processes the eligible 
        entity will implement to support the retention and career 
        advancement of the direct care professionals targeted by the 
        project.
            (8) The supportive services and benefits to be provided to 
        the project participants in order to support the employment, 
        retention, or career advancement of the direct care 
        professionals targeted by the project.
            (9) How the eligible entity will make use of career 
        planning to support the identification of advancement 
        opportunities and career pathways for the direct care 
        professionals in the State or region to be served by the 
        project.
            (10) How the eligible entity will collect and submit to the 
        Secretary workforce data and outcomes of the project.
            (11) How the project--
                    (A) will--
                            (i) provide adequate and safe equipment and 
                        facilities for training and supervision, 
                        including a safe work environment free from 
                        discrimination, which may include the provision 
                        of personal protective equipment and other 
                        necessary equipment to prevent the spread of 
                        infectious disease among the direct care 
                        professionals targeted by the project and 
                        recipients of services provided by such 
                        professionals;
                            (ii) incorporate remote training and 
                        education opportunities or technology-supported 
                        opportunities;
                            (iii) for training and education curricula, 
                        incorporate evidenced-supported practices for 
                        adult learners and universal design for 
                        learning and ensure recipients of services 
                        provided by the direct care professionals or 
                        family caregivers targeted by the project 
                        participate in the development and 
                        implementation of such training and education 
                        curricula;
                            (iv) use outreach, recruitment, and 
                        retention strategies designed to reach and 
                        retain a diverse workforce;
                            (v) incorporate methods to monitor 
                        satisfaction with project activities for 
                        project participants and individuals receiving 
                        services from such participants;
                            (vi) incorporate evidence-supported 
                        practices for family caregiver engagement; and
                            (vii) incorporate core competencies 
                        identified by the Centers for Medicare & 
                        Medicaid Services; and
                    (B) may incorporate continuing education programs 
                and specialty training, with a specific focus on--
                            (i) trauma-informed care;
                            (ii) behavioral health, including co-
                        occurring behavioral health conditions and 
                        intellectual or developmental disabilities;
                            (iii) Alzheimer's and dementia care;
                            (iv) chronic disease management; and
                            (v) the use of supportive or assistive 
                        technology.
            (12) How the eligible entity will consult on the 
        implementation of the project, or coordinate the project with, 
        each of the following entities, to the extent that each such 
        entity is not the eligible entity:
                    (A) The State Medicaid agency, State agency defined 
                in section 102 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 
                U.S.C. 3002), and the State developmental disabilities 
                office for the State (or each State) to be served by 
                the project.
                    (B) The local board and State board for each 
                region, or State, to be served by the project.
                    (C) In the case of a project that carries out an 
                education or training program, a nonprofit organization 
                with demonstrated experience in the development or 
                delivery of curricula or coursework.
                    (D) A nonprofit organization, including a labor 
                organization, that fosters the professional development 
                and collective engagement of the direct care 
                professionals targeted by the project.
                    (E) Area agencies on aging, as defined in section 
                102 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
                3002).
                    (F) Centers for independent living, as described in 
                part C of title VII of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 
                (29 U.S.C. 796f et seq.).
                    (G) The State Council on Developmental Disabilities 
                (as such term is used in subtitle B of title I of the 
                Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of 
                Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15021 et seq.)) for the 
                State (or each State) to be served by the project.
                    (H) Aging and Disability Resource Centers (as 
                defined in section 102 of the Older Americans Act of 
                1965 (42 U.S.C. 3002)).
                    (I) A nonprofit State provider association that 
                represents providers who employ the direct care 
                professionals targeted by the project, where such 
                associations exist.
                    (J) An entity that employs the direct care 
                professionals targeted by the project.
                    (K) University Centers for Excellence in 
                Developmental Disabilities Education, Research, and 
                Services supported under subtitle D of title I of the 
                Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of 
                Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15061 et seq.).
                    (L) The State protection and advocacy system 
                described in section 143 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 15043) 
                of the State (or each State) to be served by the 
                project.
                    (M) Direct care professionals or direct care 
                workforce organizations representing underserved 
                communities, including communities of color.
            (13) How the eligible entity will consult throughout the 
        project with--
                    (A) individuals employed or working as the direct 
                care professionals or family caregivers targeted by the 
                project;
                    (B) representatives of such professionals or 
                caregivers;
                    (C) individuals assisted by such professionals or 
                caregivers;
                    (D) the families of such professionals or 
                caregivers; and
                    (E) individuals receiving education or training to 
                become such professionals or caregivers.
            (14) Outreach efforts to individuals for participation in 
        such project, including targeted outreach efforts to--
                    (A) individuals who are recipients of assistance 
                under a State program funded under part A of title IV 
                of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) or 
                individuals who are eligible for such assistance; and
                    (B) individuals with barriers to employment.
    (c) Considerations.--In selecting eligible entities to receive a 
grant under this title, the Secretary shall ensure--
            (1) equitable geographic diversity, including by selecting 
        recipients serving rural areas and selecting recipients serving 
        urban areas; and
            (2) that selected eligible entities will serve areas where 
        the occupation of direct care professional, or a related 
        occupation, is an in-demand industry sector or occupation.
    (d) Uses of Funds; Supplement, Not Supplant.--
            (1) Uses of funds.--
                    (A) In general.--Each eligible entity receiving a 
                grant under this title shall use the funds of such 
                grant to carry out at least 1 project described in 
                section 303(a)(2).
                    (B) Administrative costs.--Each eligible entity 
                receiving a grant under this title shall not use more 
                than 5 percent of the funds of such grant for costs 
                associated with the administration of activities under 
                this title.
                    (C) Direct support.--Each eligible entity receiving 
                a grant under this title shall use not less than 5 
                percent of the funds of such grant to provide direct 
                financial benefits or supportive services to direct 
                care professionals and paid or unpaid family caregivers 
                to support the financial needs of such participants 
                during the duration of the project activities.
            (2) Supplement, not supplant.--An eligible entity receiving 
        a grant under this title shall use such grant only to 
        supplement, and not supplant, the amount of funds that, in the 
        absence of such grant, would be available to address the 
        recruitment, training and education, retention, and advancement 
        of direct care professionals or provide support for family 
        caregivers, in the State or region served by the eligible 
        entity.
            (3) Prohibition.--No amounts made available under this 
        title may be used for any activity that is subject to the 
        reporting requirements set forth in section 203(a) of the 
        Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (29 
        U.S.C. 433(a)).

SEC. 305. EVALUATIONS AND REPORTS; TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Reporting Requirements by Grant Recipients.--
            (1) In general.--An eligible entity receiving a grant under 
        this title shall cooperate with the Secretary and annually 
        provide a report to the Secretary that includes any relevant 
        data requested by the Secretary in a manner specified by the 
        Secretary.
            (2) Contents.--The data requested by the Secretary for an 
        annual report may include any of the following (as determined 
        relevant by the Secretary with respect to the category of the 
        grant and each project supported through the grant):
                    (A) The number of individuals and the demographic 
                categories (as defined in section 2) served by each 
                project supported by the grant, including--
                            (i) the number of individuals recruited 
                        through each such project to be employed as a 
                        direct care professional;
                            (ii) the number of individuals who through 
                        each such project attained employment as a 
                        direct care professional; and
                            (iii) the number of individuals who 
                        enrolled in each such project and withdrew or 
                        were terminated from each such project without 
                        completing training or attaining employment as 
                        a direct care professional.
                    (B) The number of family caregivers participating 
                in an education or training program through each 
                project supported by the grant.
                    (C) The number of project participants who through 
                each such project participated in and completed--
                            (i) work-based learning;
                            (ii) on-the-job training;
                            (iii) an apprenticeship program; or
                            (iv) a professional development or 
                        mentoring program.
                    (D)(i) Other services, benefits, or supports (other 
                than the services, benefits, or supports described in 
                subparagraph (C)) provided through each such project to 
                assist in the recruitment, retention, or advancement of 
                direct care professionals (including through education 
                or training for such professionals or individuals 
                seeking to become such professionals);
                            (ii) the number of individuals who accessed 
                        such services, benefits, or supports; and
                            (iii) the impact of such services, 
                        benefits, or supports.
                    (E) The crude separation and vacancy rates of 
                direct care professionals, and such rates for those 
                professionals who are managers or supervisors, in the 
                geographic region for a number of years before the 
                grant was awarded, as determined by the Secretary, and 
                annually thereafter for the duration of the grant 
                period.
                    (F) How each project supported by the grant 
                assessed satisfaction with respect to--
                            (i) project participants assisted by the 
                        project;
                            (ii) individuals receiving services 
                        delivered by project participants, including--
                                    (I) any impact on the health or 
                                health outcomes of such individuals; 
                                and
                                    (II) any impact on the ability of 
                                individuals to transition to or remain 
                                in the community in an environment that 
                                meets the criteria established in the 
                                section 441.301(c)(4) of title 42, Code 
                                of Federal Regulations (or successor 
                                regulations); and
                            (iii) employers of such project 
                        participants.
                    (G) The performance of the eligible entity with 
                respect to the indicators of performance on 
                unsubsidized employment, median earnings, credential 
                attainment, measurable skill gains, and employer 
                satisfaction.
                    (H) Any other information with respect to outcomes 
                of the project as determined by the Secretary.
    (b) Annual Report to Congress by Secretary.--Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this title, and each year thereafter 
until all projects supported through a grant under this title are 
completed, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to Congress an annual 
report on the progress of each project supported through a grant under 
this title and the activities of the technical assistance center 
established under section 302.
    (c) GAO Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which all 
projects supported through a grant under this title are completed, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study and 
submit to Congress a report including--
            (1) an assessment of how the technical assistance center 
        established under section 302 and the projects supported 
        through a grant under this title assisted in the creation, 
        recruitment, training and education, retention, and advancement 
        of the direct care workforce or in providing support for family 
        caregivers; and
            (2) recommendations for such legislative or administrative 
        actions needed for improving the assistance described in 
        paragraph (1), as the Comptroller General determines 
        appropriate.
    (d) Independent Evaluations.--Not later than 6 months after the 
date of enactment of this title, the Secretary shall enter into a 
contract with an independent entity to provide independent evaluations 
of activities supported by grants under this title and activities of 
the technical assistance center established under section 302.

SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated--
            (1) for the establishment and activities of the technical 
        assistance center under section 302, $2,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2029 through 2030; and
            (2) for grants under section 303, $1,000,000,000 for fiscal 
        year 2029.
    (b) Availability.--Amounts made available under this title shall 
remain available until September 30, 2038.

                          TITLE IV--EVALUATION

SEC. 401. EVALUATION OF IMPACT ON ACCESS TO HCBS.

    (a) National Survey on Expanded HCBS Access.--The Administrator of 
the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, in coordination with the 
National Academy of Medicine, shall, not later than 7 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, conduct or contract for a national 
survey of States, direct care professionals, family caregivers, and 
providers and recipients of home and community-based services, to 
determine the effects of the implementation of this Act and the 
amendments made by this Act on--
            (1) the availability and access to home and community-based 
        services under the Medicaid program nationally and in each 
        State;
            (2) the capacity of the direct service workforce to provide 
        home and community-based services and information on the 
        demographics (as defined in section 2) of such workforce;
            (3) the compensation and working conditions, including 
        scheduling and benefits, of direct care workers;
            (4) the economic effects on beneficiaries and on families 
        with a member receiving home and community-based services 
        through Medicaid;
            (5) the availability of direct care workers and services 
        for people needing long-term services and supports who are not 
        Medicaid eligible;
            (6) family caregivers; and
            (7) recommendations for measures to further expand and 
        enhance access home and community-based services.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 9 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
Services shall publish a report containing the results of the survey 
conducted under subsection (a).
    (c) American Community Survey Addition.--The Secretary of Commerce, 
acting through the Bureau of the Census, shall add to the American 
Community Survey a question designed to identify the need for long-term 
services and supports by residents of the United States.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out 
this section.
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