HouseH.R. 8943119th Congress

Our Doctors First Act of 2026

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[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8943 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 8943

 To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to prohibit payments 
 for graduate medical education costs attributable to individuals who 
 are not citizens or nationals of the United States under the Medicare 
                                program.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                              May 20, 2026

  Mr. Steube introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Energy 
    and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
  Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
           within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to prohibit payments 
 for graduate medical education costs attributable to individuals who 
 are not citizens or nationals of the United States under the Medicare 
                                program.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Our Doctors First Act of 2026''.

SEC. 2. PROHIBITING FEDERALLY-FUNDED GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION FOR 
              NON-CITIZENS UNDER MEDICARE.

    (a) Hospital Payments for Direct Graduate Medical Education 
Costs.--Section 1886(h) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1395ww(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, subject to paragraph 
        (11)'' after ``of this subsection'';
            (2) in paragraph (4), by adding at the end the following 
        new subparagraph:
                    ``(L) Non-citizen residents.--Such rules shall 
                provide that, effective for cost reporting periods 
                beginning on or after the date that is 1 year after the 
                date of the enactment of this subparagraph, an 
                individual shall not be counted as a resident unless 
                such individual is a citizen or national of the United 
                States.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) Sanctions for counting non-citizen residents.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Effective for cost reporting 
                periods beginning on or after the date that is 1 year 
                after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, a 
                hospital that submits a cost report counting 1 or more 
                individuals who such hospital knows or should know are 
                not citizens or nationals of the United States as 
                interns or residents for purposes of payment under this 
                subsection in violation of paragraph (4)(L) or payment 
                under paragraphs (5)(B) and (11) of subsection (d) in 
                violation of subsection (d)(5)(B)(xiv) shall be subject 
                to the following sanctions:
                            ``(i) In the case of the first cost 
                        reporting period for which such hospital 
                        submits such a cost report, a civil monetary 
                        penalty equal to 25 percent of the payment 
                        amount that would be attributable to the 
                        individuals so counted pursuant to such cost 
                        report if such individuals were permitted to be 
                        so counted under this subsection and subsection 
                        (d)(5)(B).
                            ``(ii) In the case of the second cost 
                        reporting period for which such hospital 
                        submits such a cost report, a civil monetary 
                        penalty equal to $1,000,000.
                            ``(iii) In the case of the third cost 
                        reporting period for which such hospital 
                        submits such a cost report, such hospital shall 
                        be excluded from receiving payments under this 
                        subsection and paragraphs (5)(B) and (11) of 
                        subsection (d) for a period of 5 years.
                            ``(iv) In the case of each subsequent cost 
                        reporting period for which such hospital 
                        submits such a cost report, such hospital shall 
                        be excluded from receiving payments under this 
                        subsection and paragraphs (5)(B) and (11) of 
                        subsection (d) for a period of 10 years.
                    ``(B) Procedures.--
                            ``(i) Civil monetary penalties.--The 
                        provisions of section 1128A (other than 
                        subsection (a) and (b) of such section) shall 
                        apply to civil monetary penalties under this 
                        paragraph in the same manner as such provisions 
                        apply to a penalty or proceeding under 
                        subsection (a) of such section.
                            ``(ii) Exclusion from payments.--The 
                        provisions of subsections (c)(1) and (f) of 
                        section 1128 shall apply to an exclusion from 
                        receiving payments under this paragraph in the 
                        same manner as such provisions apply to 
                        exclusions from participation under such 
                        section.''.
    (b) Hospital Payments for Indirect Costs of Medical Education.--
Section 1886(d) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(d))--
            (1) in paragraph (5)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``Subject to subsection (h)(11), the Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xiv) For discharges occurring on or after the first July 
        1 occurring on or after the date that is 1 year after the date 
        of the enactment of this clause, an individual shall not be 
        counted as an intern or a resident under this subparagraph 
        unless such individual is a citizen or national of the United 
        States.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (11)(A), by inserting ``subject to 
        subsection (h)(11),'' before ``the Secretary''.
    (c) Nonhospital Provider Payments for Direct Costs of Medical 
Education.--Section 1886(k) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1395ww(k)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(3) Non-citizen residents.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Effective for cost reporting 
                periods beginning on or after the date that is 1 year 
                after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, 
                payment may not be made under this subsection for 
                direct costs of medical education incurred with respect 
                to residents who are not citizens or nationals of the 
                United States.
                    ``(B) Penalties.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Effective for cost 
                        reporting periods beginning on or after the 
                        date that is 1 year after the date of the 
                        enactment of this paragraph, a qualified 
                        nonhospital provider that submits a cost report 
                        requesting payment under this subsection for 
                        direct costs of medical education incurred with 
                        respect to 1 or more residents who such 
                        qualified nonhospital provider knows or should 
                        know are not citizens or nationals of the 
                        United States in violation of subparagraph (A) 
                        shall be subject to the following sanctions:
                                    ``(I) In the case of the first cost 
                                reporting period for which such 
                                qualified nonhospital provider submits 
                                such a cost report, a civil monetary 
                                penalty equal to 25 percent of the 
                                payment amount requested pursuant to 
                                such cost report for direct costs of 
                                medical education incurred with respect 
                                to such residents.
                                    ``(II) In the case of the second 
                                cost reporting period for which such 
                                qualified nonhospital provider submits 
                                such a cost report, a civil monetary 
                                penalty equal to $1,000,000.
                                    ``(III) In the case of the third 
                                cost reporting period for which such 
                                qualified nonhospital provider submits 
                                such a cost report, such qualified 
                                nonhospital provider shall be excluded 
                                from receiving payments under this 
                                subsection for a period of 5 years.
                                    ``(IV) In the case of each 
                                subsequent cost reporting period for 
                                which such qualified nonhospital 
                                provider submits such a cost report, 
                                such qualified nonhospital provider 
                                shall be excluded from receiving 
                                payments under this subsection for a 
                                period of 10 years.
                            ``(ii) Procedures.--
                                    ``(I) Civil monetary penalties.--
                                The provisions of section 1128A (other 
                                than subsection (a) and (b) of such 
                                section) shall apply to civil monetary 
                                penalties under this subparagraph in 
                                the same manner as such provisions 
                                apply to a penalty or proceeding under 
                                subsection (a) of such section.
                                    ``(II) Exclusion from payments.--
                                The provisions of subsections (c)(1) 
                                and (f) of section 1128 shall apply to 
                                an exclusion from receiving payments 
                                under this subparagraph in the same 
                                manner as such provisions apply to 
                                exclusions from participation under 
                                such section.''.
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