Executive Order 14360—Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariff With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products
Issued 2025-11-14 by Donald J. Trump
Plain-English Overview
AI-generated summary explaining what this action does, who it affects, and why it matters
This executive order modifies tariffs on certain agricultural products. The President declared a national emergency due to persistent U.S. goods trade deficits and imposed ad valorem duties on specific imported goods as a result. Following further review and recommendations, the President has now determined that certain agricultural products should not be subject to these existing tariffs.
This action primarily affects American farmers and producers of agricultural goods, as it removes a barrier to exporting those products. It also impacts international trading partners who were previously subject to these tariffs.
The executive order updates the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States and directs agencies like the Department of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representative to continue monitoring trade conditions and consult on related matters.
AI-generated summary for educational purposes
Constitutional Analysis
How this action fits (or doesn't) within Article II authority and existing law
Executive Order 14360 addresses "Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariff With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products". The President's stated reasoning: "I declared a national emergency with respect to that threat, and to deal with that threat, I imposed certain ad valorem duties that I deemed necessary and appropriate." Executive orders are a long-established exercise of presidential power, used by every President since George Washington. They are grounded in Article II of the Constitution, which vests executive power in the President and directs them to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed."
Executive orders cannot create new law, contradict existing federal statutes, or exceed the President's constitutional authority. The legitimacy of any specific order depends on whether it operates within statutory authority Congress has delegated, directs the executive branch on matters within its constitutional purview, or attempts to substitute executive policy for legislative choices. Courts can and do review executive orders for conformity with the Constitution and federal law.
Official Summary
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