Text of Senate Amendment 6539

On 2026-06-24, Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) delivered a floor speech titled "Text Of Senate Amendment 6539" in the Senate.

Text of Senate Amendment 6539

Congressional Record, Volume 172 Issue 106 (Wednesday, June 24, 2026) [Congressional Record Volume 172, Number 106 (Wednesday, June 24, 2026)] [Senate] [Pages S3674-S3676] From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [ www.gpo.gov ] SA 6539. Mr. LEE submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows: At the end of title XII, add the following: Subtitle F--Arctic Security and Diplomacy Act SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE. This subtitle may be cited as the ``Arctic Security and Diplomacy Act''. SEC. 1282. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) The United States is an Arctic nation by virtue of the State of Alaska. (2) The Arctic is a critical domain for the security and sovereignty of the United States and faces elevated risks related to the threats of territorial expansion and violation, influence operations, sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, and espionage by foreign adversaries, particularly the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. (3) The Russian Federation holds a significant portion of the Arctic, accounting for approximately 53 percent of the Arctic Ocean coastline, and has significantly expanded its military basing infrastructure and capabilities in the region. (4) In 2018, the People's Republic of China declared that it is a ``Near-Arctic State'' with significant interests in the Arctic and is attempting to become a ``polar great power'' through economic expansion, scientific investments, and dual-use civilian and military infrastructure. (5) The Russian Federation is cooperating with the People's Republic of China to establish a ``Polar Silk Road'' in the Arctic, and the two countries are working together to strengthen cooperation in polar shipbuilding and ship technology. (6) The People's Republic of China has made multiple attempts to gain strategic footholds in the Arctic, has research stations in Norway's Svalbard archipelago and in Iceland, and consistently attempts to co-opt and manipulate civilian science and research activities, university partnerships, and multilateral science and research initiatives throughout the Arctic. (7) The People's Republic of China has observer status on the Arctic Council, has significantly increased diplomatic engagement with Nordic countries, and uses investments in cooperative marine scientific research as a form of soft power in the Arctic. (8) The People's Republic of China engages in extensive marine surveying, much of which has dual-use risk for military applications, including seabed mapping, NATO asset monitoring, and other espionage-related activity. (9) The Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China have overlapping priority interests in the Arctic, though each have their own distinct interests with associated challenges. (10) In 2022, the Danish Security and Intelligence Service reported several attempts at espionage by the People's Republic of China against Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. (11) In 2024, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service warned of espionage activity by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, and the Canadian military discovered and removed buoys in the Arctic owned by the People's Republic of China. (12) In 2025, the head of the National Police Commission in Iceland warned that the China-Iceland Arctic Science Observatory poses dual-use risks and may be used for espionage. (13) The 2026 Annual Threat Assessment by the intelligence community describes the Russian Federation as ``our primary challenge in the Arctic . . . Moscow is seeking to expand and deepen its presence in the Arctic through increased maritime trade, natural resource extraction, and military activity,'' while warning that the People's Republic of China ``seeks to expand its Arctic presence using scientific research, investments, and commercial ventures along the Northern Sea Route.'' (14) The 2025 NATO Maritime Strategy highlighted the Russian Federation's military build-up in the Arctic and use of hybrid threats like sabotage against critical undersea infrastructure, while warning that the People's Republic of China ``is pursuing a military build-up, including rapidly expanding its naval capabilities, increasing its use of dual- use military-scientific vessels and surging its presence in the High North and the Arctic, while remaining opaque about its intentions.'' (15) According to the Department of Homeland Security, an unprecedented number of military and research vessels of the People's Republic of China are operating in or near United States Arctic waters. (16) On May 22, 2026, at the NATO Foreign Ministerial in Sweden, the Arctic allies, consisting of Canada, the Kingdom of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the United States, issued a joint statement which stated that ``With Russia's increased military activity and China's growing strategic interest, we seek to bolster stability in the Arctic region'' and ``recognize the importance of economic and resource development in the Arctic and have tasked our experts to coordinate more closely on these issues . . . to achieve our common goal of a safe, prosperous, and peaceful Arctic''; (17) It is in the interests of Arctic countries to cooperatively limit the ability of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China to conduct further espionage in the Arctic. (18) It is in the interest of the United States to encourage marine scientific research, as President Ronald Reagan noted in his Statement on United States Oceans Policy on March 10, 1983. SEC. 1283. DEFINITIONS. In this subtitle: (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given the term ``Executive agency'' in section 105 of title 5, United States Code. (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means-- (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Homeland Security, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. (3) Arctic.--The term ``Arctic'' has the meaning given that term in section 112 of the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (15 U.S.C. 4111). (4) Covered activities.--The term ``covered activities'' means marine surveys that may pose dual-use risks for civilian and military applications, including-- (A) exploration of natural resources; (B) seabed mapping, hydrographic surveys, and oceanographic surveys; (C) data collection related to subsea assets and infrastructure; [[Page S3675]] (D) operation of unmanned maritime systems; and (E) any other activity designated by the Secretary of State as posing a risk to national security. (5) Covered vessel.--The term ``covered vessel'' means a foreign vessel that-- (A) is a vessel of a foreign adversary; or (B) the Secretary of State reasonably believes to be associated with a foreign adversary in a manner that threatens the security of the United States. (6) Exclusive economic zone.--The term ``exclusive economic zone'' means, with respect to the United States, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession over which the United States exercises sovereignty, the zone seaward of and adjacent to the territorial sea, including the contiguous zone, and extending 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline (except where otherwise limited by treaty or other agreement recognized by the United States) in which the United States has sovereign rights and jurisdiction. (7) Foreign adversary.--The term ``foreign adversary'' means any foreign government or foreign nongovernment person engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or the security and safety of United States persons, including-- (A) the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; (B) the Islamic Republic of Iran; (C) the People's Republic of China; and (D) the Russian Federation. (8) Foreign vessel.--The term ``foreign vessel'' means any vessel that is-- (A) owned, operated, or chartered by a foreign government; (B) owned or controlled by an entity organized under the laws of, headquartered in, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of a foreign country; or (C) registered under the flag of a foreign country. (9) Intelligence community.--The term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning given that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003). (10) Marine scientific research.--The term ``marine scientific research'' means any activity that is-- (A) undertaken in the ocean to expand knowledge of the marine environment and its processes, including data collection activities; and (B) regulated by the United States under the Presidential Proclamation on Revision to United States Marine Scientific Research Policy of September 2020. (11) Territorial sea.--The term ``territorial sea'' means the waters extending to 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the United States. (12) United states waters.--The term ``United States waters'' means-- (A) the territorial sea of the United States; (B) the exclusive economic zone of the United States; and (C) the continental shelf of the United States, as it pertains to marine scientific research and other activities on the seabed or subsoil. SEC. 1284. STATEMENT OF POLICY. It is the policy of the United States-- (1) to limit