Data Center Transparency Act of 2026

Lisa Blunt Rochester

Democrat · DE · Senator

Source: Congress.gov · FEC

• John R. Curtis (R-UT)Original· 2026-09-30

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.

2026-09-30

Source: Congress.gov

Plain-English summary pending. Introduced on 2026-09-30. Check back soon — summaries are generated as bills progress through Congress.

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [S. 5640 Introduced in Senate (IS)] <DOC> 119th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 5640 To require reports on the effects of data centers on air quality and water quality, and on electricity consumption by data centers. _______________________________________________________________________ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES September 30, 2026 Ms. Blunt Rochester (for herself and Mr. Curtis) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works _______________________________________________________________________ A BILL To require reports on the effects of data centers on air quality and water quality, and on electricity consumption by data centers. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Data Center Transparency Act of 2026''. SEC. 2. REPORTS ON THE EFFECTS OF DATA CENTERS ON AIR QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY; REPORTS ON ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY DATA CENTERS. (a) Data Center Defined.--In this section, the term ``data center'' means a data center (as defined in section 453(a) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17112(a))) that consumes not less than 50 megawatts each day. (b) Reports on the Effects of Data Centers on Air Quality and Water Quality.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 3 months thereafter, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available on a website, a report that identifies, with respect to the period of 3 months preceding the submission and publication of the report-- (1) the total amount of water consumed by data centers located in the United States; (2) how those data centers reuse water, and the amount of such reused water; (3) how those data centers affect local water systems, including with respect to-- (A) the availability of potable water; (B) whether the data center increased demand on local water utilities; (C) any potential data on service disruptions for other customers of local water utilities; (D) any changes in residential rates for water services; and (E) the type and amount of pollutants (as defined in section 502 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1362)) discharged into water by data centers; (4) the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted from those data centers; and (5) the effect of those greenhouse gas emissions, including the cumulative effect on overburdened communities. (c) Reports on Electricity Consumption by Data Centers.-- (1) Collection of data.--The Administrator of the Energy Information Administration shall collect data on-- (A) the total quantity of energy consumed by each data center located in the United States, including the total quantity consumed by each data center in consecutive 6-month periods; and (B) energy grid buildout relating to data centers, including the types of energy being built out. (2) Reports.--Not less frequently than twice each year, the Administrator of the Energy Information Administration shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available on a website, a report that describes, with respect to the most recent 6-month period preceding the submission and publication of the report-- (A) the total quantity of energy consumed by data centers located in the United States, disaggregated by State; (B) how that energy consumption may have changed during that 6-month period; (C) the number of data centers that began operating during that 6-month period; (D) how household energy bills may have changed during that 6-month period; and (E) the average household energy use and cost. <all>

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